An Intrusion Detection System Using Machine Learning for Internet of Medical Things

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted everyday life, the global economy, travel, and commerce. In many cases, the tight measures put in place to stop COVID-19 have caused depression and other diseases. As many medical systems over the world are unable to hospitalize all the patients, some of them may get home healthcare assistance, while the government and healthcare organizations have access to substantial sickness management data. It allows patients to routinely update their health status and have it sent to distant hospitals. In certain cases, the medical authorities may designate quarantine stations and provide supervision equipment and platforms (such as Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices) for performing an infection-free treatment, whereas IoMT devices often lack enough protection, making them vulnerable to many threats. In this paper, we present an intrusion detection system (IDS) for IoMTs based on the following gradient boosting machines approaches: XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost. With more than 99% in many evaluation measures, these approaches had a high detection rate and could be an effective solution in preventing attacks on IoMT devices. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Predicting Intensive Care Unit Admission Using Machine and Deep Learning: COVID-19 Case Study

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the entire world by causing widespread panic and disrupting normal life. Since the outbreak began in December 2019, the virus has killed thousands of people and infected millions more. Hospitals are struggling to keep up with large patient flows. In some situations, hospitals are lacking enough beds and ventilators to accommodate all of their patients or are running low on supplies such as masks and gloves. Predicting intensive care unit (ICU) admission of patients with COVID-19 could help clinicians better allocate scarce ICU resources. In this study, many machine and deep learning algorithms are tested over predicting ICU admission of patients with COVID-19. Most of the algorithms we studied are extremely accurate toward this goal. With the convolutional neural network (CNN), we reach the highest results on our metrics (90.09% accuracy and 93.08% ROC-AUC), which demonstrates the usability of these learning models to identify patients who are likely to require ICU admission and assist hospitals in optimizing their resource management and allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic or others. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

EXAMINING THE HEALTH EQUITY OF PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: FIRST INSIGHTS FROM A TWITTER STUDY

The COVID-19 pandemic has deepened issues of health inequity and social injustice against people with dementia. Despite having one of the highest mortality rates, little research focuses on the COVID-19 impact of people with dementia. This presentation aims to: 1) explore the COVID-19 experiences and key factors of health inequity among people with dementia during the pandemic;and 2) identify actions to improve the health equity of people with dementia in the pandemic. We collected 6,243 relevant tweets using the Twint application in Python from September 8, 2020, to December 8, 2021. Tweets were divided among eleven coders and analyzed using thematic analysis. Analysis identified three primary themes: structural inequities (e.g., restricted access to health and support services, ageism, social isolation, vaccination barriers, and inadequate staffing in care facilities);frustration and despair due to loss (e.g., loss of cognitive abilities, loss of time with loved ones, and loss of life);and resiliency and hope for the future (e.g., lifting of restrictions and COVID-19 vaccine). There is an urgent need for policymakers to improve the health equity of people with dementia in the pandemic. Tackling COVID-19 inequities requires revisiting infection control policies to improve access to health and support services, recognizing the essential role of family care partners, and providing resources to help support people with dementia during the pandemic. Moreover, it is essential that COVID-19 policy responses are informed by evidence-informed research and authentic partnerships that embrace the insight and lived experiences of people with dementia.

Spontaneous Renal Rupture and Hematoma in a Covid - 19 Case

Background: Covid-19 is a life-threatening disease-causing and accompanying multiple organ injuries in hospitalized patients. Case presentation: A 73-year-old male patient was admitted to a hospital in Tehran province. He had symptoms of COVID-19 disease, and his involvement with COVID-19 was confirmed by the molecular method and patchy areas of ground-glass opacities in the computed tomography (CT) scan. He was under treatment for his diabetes and hypertension. After a few hours of admission, he had low oxygen saturation (80%);hence he became under intensive care, oxygen, and anticoagulant therapy. On day 6 of ICU admission, his clinical status became worse when he had left side pain, hematuria, glucosuria, proteinuria, and high serum creatinine level (3.28 mg/dL). CT scan imaging was indicating of renal hematoma. The surgical or any invasive intervention was impossible due to the unstable status of the patient. Packed red cell and plasma replacement therapy were not effective in the prevention of expiration of the patient on day 7 of hospitalization. Spontaneous renal hemorrhage concurrent with COVID-19 disease was the defmite diagnosis for this case. Conclusion: We think that COVID-19 involvement may accelerate renal injury in our case. Anyhow, there were multiple predisposing risk factors for renal hematoma, in this case, such as diabetes, anticoagulant therapy, and COVID-19. We suggest that COVID-19 involvement accelerates renal problems. Nevertheless, this conclusion should be confirmed by other reports and research by clinical scientists.

An Old Adult with Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia Represented Reduced COVID-19 Symptoms, Probably Due to Cross Impact of Drugs;A Case-Report Blended with Computational Biology Study

Background Studies have shown that morbidity and mortality critically increase from COVID-19 in patients with Alzheimer's disease and dementia. But we had an Alzheimer's disease patient treated rapidly from COVID-19 involvement. We explore the probable cause of treatment using in-silico drug screening tools. Case presentation We present an 81-year-old female patient who recovered from COVID-19 disease despite her severe dementia and Alzheimer's disease, and unfavorable respiratory status. The patient was under medical care for ten days. She received standard COVID-19 medical care plus her drugs for Alzheimer's disease. We found those drugs administered for Alzheimer's disease can interact, and probably inhibit, SARS-COV-2 main protease that plays a central role in virus replication. Conclusion Our patient remediated from COVID-19 very well despite being at a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. However, her amnesia may help her to fight and resist respiratory distress. In addition, administered drugs for Alzheimer's disease may interact with viral biomolecules and dwindle SARS-COV-2 replication.

Developments and Changes in Organization and Management Research in the Post-COVID-19 Era: A Foundationalist Approach

Today, management science, like all other areas of human life, has been severely affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis. The challenges that the crisis have created for various areas of management have had many consequences and in many cases have led to the loss and bankruptcy of many businesses. Hence, management theorists and practitioners need to address each of these challenges and issues in detail. Therefore, the year of the COVID-19 crisis has created a critical and epoch-making year for management knowledge. Accordingly, a big picture of changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the organization and management studies is important. Thus, the chapter has pursued this important goal in three parts. In the first part, we examine theoretical foundations of organization and management that have changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The second part deals with organizational areas affected by the pandemic. In the last section, we will review the recommendations made by management theorists in the face of the pandemic. Finally, in the conclusion section, using the results of the studies conducted in these three sections, we focus on research currents in the organization and management studies faced with the pandemic. In this section, two research currents were identified: the revolutionary current and the developmental current. Each of these currents can totally transform the future of management theory and practice. Then, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on collapse and creation of businesses were examined. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Inhibiteurs du système-rénine-angiotensine au cours de la covid-19 : protecteurs ou dangereux ?

La COVID-19 est liée de près au système rénine-angiotensine (SRA), puisque la pénétration du SARS-CoV-2 dans les cellules se fait via l’enzyme de conversion de l’angiotensine 2 (ACE2). L’ACE2 tire son nom d’une homologie de séquence avec l’angiotensin-converting enzyme1 (ACE1) qui clive l’Ang I en Ang II et est inhibée par les IEC qui en revanche n’inhibent pas l’ACE2. L’ACE2 clive l’Ang II en Ang (1-7) et l’Ang I en Ang (1-9), qui est ensuite convertie en Ang (1-7) par l’ACE1. L’Ang (1-7) s’oppose aux actions de l’Ang II. L’infection par le SARS-CoV-2 entraine une baisse de l’ACE-2, internalisé pour permettre au virus d’entrer dans les cellules. Ceci a pour conséquence une dérégulation de l’équilibre entre l’Ang II et l’Ang (1-7), entrainant une augmentation de l’inflammation, une endothélite avec une dysfonction endothéliale, responsable d’un phénotype vasculaire pro-thrombotique, et une fibrose tissulaire accélérée. Après une inquiétude initiale, il a été montré que les bloqueurs du SRA ne favorisent ni l’infection par le SARS-CoV-2, ni en aggravent le pronostic. Il est donc recommandé par toutes les sociétés savantes de ne pas arrêter les IEC ou ARA2 chez les patients atteints de COVID-19, en dehors des indications d’arrêt classiques (insuffisance rénale aigüe, déshydratation sévère, état de choc). Il reste à élucider un éventuel effet bénéfique chez les patients initialement sans indication pour un traitement par IEC ou ARA2 atteints de COVID-19.

Phobia and Fear of COVID-19: origins, complications and management, a narrative review.

Introduction: The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have changed into a global crisis. Psychologically, this process of alteration can lead to feelings of fear, insecurity, and anxiety. This fear and anxiety can be caused by a variety of factors. However, due to the lack of extensive studies at this time, there are little data on these conditions related to COVID-19. Therefore, in this narrative review, we have tried to identify the most important possible causes of anxiety and fear due to this disease, based on logical shreds of evidence. Then we tried to discuss the consequences and ways to manage and prevent them. Methods: The current focus was on three major axes of corona-phobia, fear and anxiety. PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar and authoritative news and information sources were considered as the data sources. Results: Findings from the analysis of the results revealed that, in addition to the real and the logical reasons which belong to the intrinsic properties of SARS-CoV-2, some misleadings and misconceptions induced by media, governmental policies, public awareness level, and non-scientific speculations and contradictory data expressed by experts, researchers and scientific societies, could provide the way for the development of corona-phobia, and fear. Conclusions: Each of these causal components, in its place, leads to some degrees of psychological disorders and subsequent consequences and complications. Finally, here we reviewed, summarized the previous research findings on how to prevent and manage this type of psychological disorder, and made comparisons.

Viroporins and inflammasomes: A key to understand virus-induced inflammation.

Viroporins are virus encoded proteins that alter membrane permeability and can trigger subsequent cellular signals. Oligomerization of viroporin subunits results in formation of a hydrophilic pore which facilitates ion transport across host cell membranes. These viral channel proteins may be involved in different stages of the virus infection cycle. Inflammasomes are large multimolecular complexes best recognized for their ability to control activation of caspase-1, which in turn regulates the maturation of interleukin-1 ß (IL-1ß) and interleukin 18 (IL-18). IL-1ß was originally identified as a pro-inflammatory cytokine able to induce both local and systemic inflammation and a febrile reaction in response to infection or injury. Excessive production of IL-1ß is associated with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Microbial derivatives, bacterial pore-forming toxins, extracellular ATP and other pathogen-associated molecular patterns trigger activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. Recent studies have reported that viroporin activity is capable of inducing inflammasome activity and production of IL-1ß, where NLRP3 is shown to be regulated by fluxes of K+, H+ and Ca2+ in addition to reactive oxygen species, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the key findings on viroporin activity with special emphasis on their role in virus immunity and as possible activators of inflammasomes.